Why compost at home?
Composting is a natural way to turn kitchen scraps and yard trimmings into rich soil. By composting at home, you cut down on the waste you send to the landfill, save money on garbage collection, and get free fertilizer for your garden. It works best in a bin or pile in your backyard, where organic matter breaks down into dark, crumbly soil over several months.
Setting up your compost bin
Find a level spot in your yard that gets some sun and stays somewhat moist. A compost bin or open pile works well. You can buy a ready-made bin, build one from wood, or use a simple wire cage. Make sure the bin has a lid or cover to keep animals out and retain moisture.
Place your bin near a water source so you can add water on dry days. If you live in an apartment or condo without a yard, check our guide to community drop-off locations.
What goes in your bin
Successful composting needs a mix of green materials (nitrogen-rich) and brown materials (carbon-rich). Aim for three parts brown material to one part green material.
- Browns: Dry leaves, shredded newspaper, cardboard, straw, sawdust, and wood chips.
- Greens: Fruit and vegetable scraps, coffee grounds, tea bags, fresh grass clippings, and plant trimmings.
Chop or shred materials into small pieces. Smaller items break down faster and give you finished compost sooner.
What to leave out
Keep these items out of your backyard bin to avoid odours, pests, and disease:
- Meat, fish, and dairy products
- Fat, grease, or oily foods
- Animal waste or pet litter
- Diseased plants or weeds that have gone to seed
- Plastic, glass, or metal items
If you are not sure whether something can be composted, check the Green Bin list or use the online disposal guide.
Keeping it going
Turn your compost with a fork or shovel every one to two weeks to add air. Oxygen helps the beneficial bacteria break down materials quickly. Check the moisture level regularly; the pile should feel like a wrung-out sponge. Add water if it is dry, and cover it with a tarp or extra browns if it is too wet.
You will know your compost is ready when it looks dark, smells earthy, and you can no longer recognize the original scraps. This usually takes three to six months.
Winter composting
Composting slows down in the cold months, but you can keep going. Keep the bin covered to protect it from snow and wind. You can also move the bin to a sheltered spot against a fence or the side of your house. If the ground freezes solid, pause turning the pile until spring. When the snow melts, resume turning and watering to kickstart the process.
Ready-made compost
If you do not have the space or time for a backyard bin, the City offers free compost to residents each spring. Visit Compost available for residents for dates and locations. You can also apply for the Backyard Composter Rebate through the City's online portal or at the Service Wrenford counter to help cover the cost of a certified composter.